A simple and rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): Embryogenic calli as a source to generate large numbers of transgenic plants

A protocol is presented for efficient transformation and regeneration of cotton. Embryogenic calli co-cultivated with Agrobacterium carrying cry1Ia5 gene were cultured under dehydration stress and antibiotic selection for 3–6 weeks to generate several transgenic embryos. An average of 75 globular embryo clusters were observed on selection plates and these embryos were cultured on multiplication medium followed by development of cotyledonary embryos on embryo maturation medium to obtain an average of 12 plants per Petri plate of co-cultivated callus. About 83% of these plants have been confirmed to be transgenic by Southern blot analysis. An efficiency of ten kanamycin-resistant plants per Petri plate of co-cultivated embryogenic callus was obtained. The simplicity of the procedure and the efficiency of the initial material allow transformation of any variety where a single regenerating embryogenic callus line can be obtained. In addition, multiple transformations can be performed either simultaneously or sequentially. The method is extremely simple, reliable, efficient, and much less laborious than any other existing method for cotton transformation.V.G. Sunnichan and R. Kumria contributed equally to this investigation     

Populations Microbiennes Des Bois

Resumé Les auteurs ont étudié la composition chimique (N, substances humiques, lignine) de copeaux de bois blanc exposés à l'air libre depuis 2 à 10 ans, ainsi que leur type de peuplement fongique. En l'absence de lignivore, le pH, les taux de lignine et d'N s'élèvent et il se forme des quantités modérées d'humus à forte capacité d'échange. Dans le cas contraire, on voit apparaître, en abondance, des substances humiques peu condensées et la matière organique subit une évolution rappelant celle du mor.Avec la collaboration technique de Melle. M. Clet.Kononova, dans sa monographie⁵, signale de Troussov (1916) une étude que nous n'avons pas eu en mains.     

Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XVIII. Biochemical differences between the slow and fast allozymes

Most natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are polymorphic for two major electrophoretic variants at the esterase-6 locus. The frequency of the EST 6F allozyme is greatest in populations in warmer latitudes, whereas the EST 6S allozyme is predominant in colder latitudes. Latitudinal clines in electromorph frequencies are found on three continents. Purified preparations of the allozymes have been characterized for their pH optimum, substrate specificity, organophosphate inhibition, alcohol activation, thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. These and previous analyses of the EST 6 allozymes reveal that the two variants have differences in their physical and kinetic properties that may provide a basis for the selective maintenance of the polymorphisms and an explanation of the clinal variation observed in natural populations.      

Seropositivity is associated with insulin resistance in patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR): an observational study

Introduction  

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP), especially in seropositive disease. In established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), insulin resistance (IR) is increased and associated with CVD. We investigated factors associated with IR in an inception cohort of patients with early IP.